What Causes Tooth Decay and How to Treat It?

Tooth decay begins when bacteria in plaque produce acids that wear down the enamel—the hard, protective outer layer of your teeth. This process is accelerated by frequent consumption of sugary or starchy foods, poor oral hygiene, and conditions like dry mouth that reduce saliva, which normally helps neutralize acids. Genetics may also predispose some individuals to decay, making regular care even more crucial.

Causes of Tooth Decay:

• Plaque Buildup: After eating, plaque forms on teeth. When bacteria digest sugars, they release acids that gradually erode enamel.

• Poor Oral Hygiene: Inconsistent brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate, increasing the risk of decay.

• Frequent Snacking & Sugary Drinks: Constant exposure to sugar and acids throughout the day leads to repeated acid attacks on teeth.

• Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva flow, due to medication or health conditions, diminishes the mouth’s natural defense against decay.

Early Signs of Decay:

• Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods

• Visible holes or pits on the teeth

• Discoloration, such as brown or white spots

• Toothache or pain when biting

Treatment Options:

1. Fluoride Treatments: Early decay can sometimes be reversed with fluoride, which strengthens enamel.

2. Dental Fillings: When decay forms a cavity, the dentist removes the decayed material and fills the space with composite resin, amalgam, or porcelain.

3. Root Canal Therapy: If decay reaches the pulp, the infected tissue is removed, the tooth is cleaned and sealed, and a crown may be applied to protect it.

4. Crowns or Extractions: For severe cases, a crown might be necessary to restore the tooth, or extraction might be needed if the tooth is beyond repair.

Prevention Is Key: Maintain a daily oral care routine by brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and using an antimicrobial mouthwash. Limiting sugary and acidic foods, staying hydrated, and scheduling dental checkups and cleanings twice a year can further prevent decay and maintain a healthy smile.

Understanding the causes and treatments of tooth decay empowers you to take action early. With the right habits and professional care, you can protect your teeth and keep your smile bright.